Air gap:There is a space between the magnetic poles of a magnet with an available magnetic field.

Anisotropic magnet:A magnet with a preferred magnetic orientation, ensuring that the magnetic properties are suitable in a preferred direction.

Closed circuit:When the magnetic flux path outside the permanent magnet is restricted within the highly permeable material that constitutes the magnet circuit, there exists.

Coercive force, HC：After magnetic lightning protection saturation, the demagnetization force measured in Osteds was measured in oysted to reduce the observed induction, B， zero

Curie temperature, TC：The temperature at which the parallel alignment of the fundamental magnetic moment completely disappears and the material can no longer maintain magnetization.

Demagnetization curve:The second quadrant of the hysteresis loop, which usually describes the behavior of magnetic characteristics in actual use, is also known as the B-H curve.

Columnar crystal material:Especially alfalfa alloys that form crystal orientations through controlled solidification of molten materials. The material of Alnico 700 exhibits different anisotropy, which contrasts with the type that only generates anisotropy by applying a magnetic field during heat treatment.

Dipole field:The first approximation in the field of magnets at large distances. The dipole field is defined only by the direction and magnitude of the magnetic moment, and decreases by 3 with increasing distance according to 1/r.

Dipole moment:Seeing the moment (magnetic)

Flux density B:The number of field lines per unit surface area. Unit: 1 Tesla=1 vs/m2=10-4 vs/cm2 (=10. -4Gauß)

Flux, Magnetic:When a magnetic field is represented by field lines, the total number of lines passing through a given surface is called magnetic flux: measured as electrical pulses in coils surrounding that surface. Unit: 1 Weber (WB)=1 vs (=108 Maxwell).

Helmholtz coil:Classic, a double coil is used to generate extremely uniform fields. The distance between two coils is equivalent to their radius. Coils are used to measure magnetic moments.

Lag loop:By plotting the corresponding magnetic induction values, B， Obtain the closed curve of the material by measuring the magnetization force on the magnetic resistance on the x-axis and H on the y-axis.

induce, B：The magnetic flux per unit area is normal in the direction of flux. In Gaussian measurement, in the CGS system of units.

Intrinsic coercivity, HCI：Measurement in oSerts in CGS system is a measure of the inherent ability of materials to resist Demagnetiza.

Grey. The zero intrinsic induction in saturated magnetic materials is the corrective force for demagnetization. The actual consequences of high HCI values are seen in the greater temperature stability of a given class of materials, with higher temperature stability and greater stability

Dynamic operating conditions.

Irreversible losses:Defined as partial demagnetization of a magnet caused by external factors. These losses can only be restored through re condensation. Magnets can stabilize to prevent performance changes caused by irreversible losses.

Isotropic:Equality of physical properties in all directions.

J：Characters used to represent magnetic polarization: Unit: 1 t=1 vs/m2

Load line:A line drawn from the origin of a demagnetization curve with a slope of B/H, where the intersection with the B-H curve represents the operating point of the magnet. See also permeability coefficient

Magnetic force, H：The magnetic shadow force at any point in the magnetic circuit per unit length. Measure in Osteds in CGS system.

Max Energy Products, BHMAX：Remove the points on the curve, where the product of B and H is the maximum value, and the required magnetic material to input the given energy into the surrounding environment is min. Measurement in Moga Gauss Oersteds, Mgoe.

Instantaneously, magnetic: At the moment expressed in terms of VSM, the moment corresponding to the mechanical torque (Coulomb's magnetic moment MCoul.) of magnetic field H in the NM of magnetic field H in the magnetic field H (also known as dipole moment) polarimeter and uniformly magnetized magnet. Magnetic moment is directly measured in the Helmholtz coil in combination with a float meter. (See also SI units) Previously, the ampere magnetic moment (mamp) was commonly used as the product of magnetization M and the volume V of a solid, where mCoul.=μ. 0mamp

Permeability coefficient, PC： The proportion of magnetic induction, BD， Its self magnetism, HD。 PC = BD / HD。 He is also known as the 'load line' or The operating point of the magnet can be used to estimate the magnetic flux output of the magnet, and can be used to estimate the magnetic flux output of the magnet under various conditions. As a first-order approximation, BD / HD = LM / LG， LM is the length of the magnet, and LG is the length of the air gap that the magnet experiences. Therefore, PC is a function of the magnetic circuit geometry.

Radial magnetization: Magnetizing the ring magnet between two coils carrying currents in opposite directions results in radial magnetization. Then place a rod at the other pole on the inner and outer circumference of the magnet. 

 The magnetic induction emitted in the magnetic circuit after removing the applied magnetization force. If there is an air gap in the circuit, the residual magnetization will be less than the residual induction. 

Remaining induction, BR： This is the point where the hysteresis loop crosses the B-axis under zero magnetization force, and represents the range value

Magnetic flux is output from a given magnet material. According to the definition, this point occurs at zero air gap, so the magnetic material cannot be seen in practical use.